Plutchik's wheel of emotions triads3/29/2024 ![]() 2009), or the 20 floods in Brisbane ( Hung et al. 2010), the 2009 Marseille fire ( De Longueville et al. For example, the use of online social media in crisis events has been investigated during natural disasters such as the 2009 Oklahoma grass-fires ( Vieweg et al. In fact, recent studies have found that OSNs play an important role during crisis events as a channel where people seek and share information to make sense of the situation, as well as organize themselves and look for help. In this sense, online social networks (OSNs) are seen as a supporting medium for information sharing in such unexpected events. Sutton & Shklovski ( Sutton and Shklovski 2008) suggested that crises not only create a need for information, but also for human conversation. 2013), and Sutton & Shklovski ( Sutton and Shklovski 2008) reported on the negative effects of rumors and misinformation during various crisis events, highlighting the importance of information that is issued by official sources ( Crump 2011 Heverin and Zach 2010 Huang et al. 1998) the common feature of all such events is the sense of urgency ( Farazmand 2016) as well as the accompanying feelings of panic, fear, danger, and shock ( Darling 1994).ĭuring crisis events, human behavior and the attitude towards the crisis is influenced by the information people have access to ( Bakker et al. ![]() Though crisis events come in many forms, including human-made (terrorism, riots, shootings), natural disasters, organizational crises, technological crises (e.g., software failure, industrial accidents) (Farazmand 2016 Lerbinger 1997 Seeger et al. Among other things, we also found that a higher structural similarity exists between pairs of network layers consisting of one high-arousal emotion and one low-arousal emotion, rather than pairs of network layers belonging to the same arousal dimension.Ī crisis event is a sudden event that creates threats to people, property, and /or the environment ( Shaluf et al. In contrast, the expression of sadness, disgust, surprise, as well as any positive emotion are rather characteristic for emotion-exchange motifs representing one-way communication patterns (instead of online conversations). Our findings suggest that emotion-exchange motifs which contain reciprocal edges (indicating online conversations) only emerge when users exchange messages that convey anger or fear, either in isolation or in any combination with another emotion. In order to study the local communication structures that emerge as Twitter users directly exchange emotional messages, we propose the concept of emotion-exchange motifs. To this end, we performed a systematic structural analysis of the multiplex communication network that we derived from a data-set including more than 1.9 million tweets that have been sent during five recent shootings and terror events. In this paper, we present an analysis of the emotion-exchange patterns that arise from Twitter messages sent during emergency events.
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